碱金属离子及碱溶液对膨润土性能影响的研究进展     

叶为民  郑赈济  陈宝  陈永贵 《国外铀金地质》2011,(4):221-227

基于前人有关膨润土在碱性环境下的室内试验和数值模拟的研究结果 ,重点阐述了碱金属离子及碱溶液对膨润土矿物成分、微观结构、膨胀性和渗透性等方面的影响,讨论了温度、pH值与溶液浓度等对上述过程的影响。碱金属离子及碱性溶液不仅可交换膨润土中蒙脱石层间阳离子,而且可溶解膨润土中的蒙脱石,生成非膨胀性矿物,并随着温度和pH值升高,蒙脱石被溶解程度增加,从而导致了膨润土膨胀力减小,且随着温度、溶液浓度及pH值的增加,膨胀力削弱程度加强;同时,膨润土与碱金属离子及碱溶液接触时孔隙增多,进而渗透性增强,随着温度和溶液浓度增加,渗透性也明显增强。数值模拟可实现膨润土与碱性溶液长期接触时发生的矿物成分及渗透性变化的预测。高温、不同pH值的低碱性溶液及其耦合作用对膨润土的矿物化学成分、微观结构、膨胀力和渗透性的影响及机理研究应该是今后研究的重点。  相似文献   

In Situ Determination of First‐Row Transition Metal,Ga and Ge Abundances in Geological Materials via Medium‐Resolution LA‐ICP‐MS     

Ricardo Arevalo Jr  William F. McDonough  Philip M. Piccoli 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2011,35(2):253-273

An in situ, medium‐resolution LA‐ICP‐MS method was developed to measure the abundances of the first‐row transition metals, Ga and Ge in a suite of geological materials, namely the MPI‐DING reference glasses. The analytical protocol established here hinged on maximising the ablation rate of the ultraviolet (UV) laser system and the sensitivity of the ICP‐MS, as well minimising the production of diatomic oxides and argides, which serve as the dominant sources of isobaric interferences. Non‐spectral matrix effects were accounted for by using multiple external calibrators, including NIST SRM 610 and the USGS basaltic glasses BHVO‐2G, BIR‐1G and BCR‐2G, and utilising ⁴³Ca as an internal standard. Analyses of the MPI‐DING reference glasses, which represent geological matrices ranging from basaltic to rhyolitic in composition, included measurements of concentrations as low as < 10⁰ μg g^?1 and as high as > 10⁴ μg g^?1. The new data reported here were found to statistically correlate with the ‘preferred’ reference values for these materials at the 95% confidence level, though with significantly better precision, typically on the order of ≤ 3% (2s_m). This analytical method may be extended to any matrix‐matched geological sample, particularly oceanic basalts, silicate minerals and meteoritic materials.  相似文献   

马氏珠母贝育珠细胞小片和珠核处理技术研究Ⅳ:不同处理液在广西营盘育珠效果     

王梅芳  余祥勇  宾承勇  甘西  豆伟  李咏梅  黄愈雄  林湧 《广东海洋大学学报》2011,31(3)

通过广西营盘海区插核育珠试验,比较6组不同的细胞小片处理液及珠核处理液的育珠效果。结果表明:1)处理组手术贝休养期的平均死亡率仅3.9%,显著低于对照组(10.9%)(P<0.01),表明处理液具有促进伤口愈合、抗感染、提高成活率的作用;2)处理组休养期吐核率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),说明处理液对增加组织亲和力的效果不明显;3)除Y2处理组外,其余处理组育珠4个月的成活率平均为77.0%,比对照组高出7.0%～14.5%,且W组的单位收珠数量及珍珠品质等均优于对照组,表明W组处理液在促进珍珠质分泌、提高成活率、成珠率方面的作用优于对照组。比较分析处理组在海南陵水、广东徐闻及广西营盘3海区的育珠效果,优化筛选出2个优良匹配方案即小片处理液W0、Y3与核处理液C3匹配。W0、Y3两试验组在广西营盘海区进行中试,结果发现,休养期死亡率(8.0%、7.3%)显著低于对照组(11.7%)(P<0.05),育珠4个月的死亡率(19.7%、18.3%)显著低于对照组(31.7%)(P<0.05);育珠8个月的W0组的成活率为73.6%,成珠率为54%、优珠率为61.1%,分别比对照组提高约12%,表明筛选出的W0、Y3两优良匹配组同样适用于营盘海区的插核育珠处理,可提高育珠效果。  相似文献   

Infiltration in unsaturated soils – An analytical approach     

Abdoul R. Ghotbi  M. Omidvar  A. Barari 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

An approximate analytical solution has been established for the well known Richards’ equation for unsaturated flow of transports in soils. Despite the importance of Richards’ equation in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications, most solutions to the problem are generally based on numerical methods often having limitations in application. It is therefore advantageous to explore analytical solutions to the problem. The proposed solution is based on homotopy analysis method (HAM). The method is superior over traditional perturbation techniques in a sense that it is not dependent on the assumption of a small parameter as the initial step. Several simple cases have been explored to describe the application of HAM to Richards’ equation. The results obtained by HAM are also compared with existing solutions to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.  相似文献   

铵在中砂上的3种吸附形态研究     

付佳妮  刘菲  陈坚  徐基胜  梁静 《矿物学报》2011,31(4):757-764

通过动力学和等温吸附实验,研究了不同初始氨氮浓度下水溶铵、交换铵和固定铵在中砂上的吸附规律。结果表明,吸附平衡时各种形态铵含量随初始氨氮浓度增加而增大。3种形态铵吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程。吸附速率常数K大小顺序为：固定铵〉交换铵〉水溶铵,初始速率：固定铵〈交换铵〈水溶铵。随着初始氨氮浓度的增加,水溶铵占总铵的比重由40%上升到65%,其吸附的主要限制步骤为颗粒间扩散。交换铵对总铵的贡献率维持在25%左右,吸附饱和后有所降低,初始氨氮浓度为交换铵吸附的主要限制步骤。固定铵达到饱和时,吸附量只有26.18 mg/kg,对总铵的贡献率由33%下降到9%。  相似文献   

遗传算法反演龙门山断裂带断层三维滑动参数研究     

张秀霞  张永志 《西安地质学院学报》2011,(2):217-220

利用位错理论模型将遗传算法运用于断层三维滑动参数反演问题的求解,采用川西地区2004—2007年GPS观测数据对龙门山断裂带主要断层的三维滑动速率进行计算分析。结果表明：反演结果在量值上整体较小,与地质结果具有较好的一致性,走滑分量︱U1︱〈3.2 mm/a,倾滑分量︱U2︱〈1.54 mm/a,张开分量︱U3︱〈2.5mm/a,低滑动速率反映断层的闭锁及应力的积累及大地震发生的危险性;局部分量较地质结果偏大,反映实测GPS数据反演结果体现的是断层实时活动状态;遗传算法的全局收敛、不依赖初值等优点使结果更加稳定,而张开分量显示局部不规律性,表现出各子断层空间活动不均匀性。  相似文献   

CINRAD／SB型新一代天气雷达频综故障诊断方法          下载免费PDF全文

王全周  崔炳俭  杨奇 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(4):88-91

通过对CINRAD／SB型新一代天气雷达频综故障现象、报警信息分析,根据频综输出信号流程,结合关键点参数测试,总结出快速定位频综故障的方法,并介绍了应用这种方法快速诊断定位故障的个例。  相似文献   

2009年11月至2010年11月27次中强地震的快速矩张量解          下载免费PDF全文

刘超  许力生  陈运泰 《地震学报》2011,33(4):550-552

经过半个世纪的发展,地震震源的矩张量表示及其反演已日臻成熟(Dziewonski,Woodhouse,1983).矩张量解不但能够较好地反映地震震源的特性,还能为其它研究提供有用的参考.一些科研机构和组织,如美国地质调查局(USGS)和全球矩心矩张量研究组(GCMT)已经能够在震后5小时内准实时地发布矩  相似文献   

Broadband Analytical Solution to the Scattering of Plane SV Waves by Circular Cylindrical Canyons     

Zhong Hui  Zhang Yushan 《中国地震研究》2011,25(1):13-27

Based on Fourier-Bessel series expansion of wave functions,an analytical solution to 2-D scattering ofincident plane SV waves by circular cylindrical canyons with variable depthto-width ratios is deduced in this paper. Unlike other analytical solutions,this paper uses the asymptotic behavior of the cylindrical function to directly define the undetermined coefficients of scattered waves,thus,avoiding solving linear equation systems and the related numerical computation problems under high-frequency incident waves,thereby broadening the applicable frequency range of analytical solutions. Through comparison with existing analytical solutions,the correctness of this solution is demonstrated. Finally, the incident plane SV wave scattering effect under circular cylindrical canyons in wider frequency bands is explored.  相似文献   

高密度电阻率法在果香峪溶洞勘查中的应用效果分析     

尹极  王晓东  程邈  李振宇 《CT理论与应用研究》2011,20(3):301-310

地下岩溶的发育影响着地面基础工程的安全使用,所以,我们要对岩溶地区发育特征进行全面的了解,以采取相应的措施保证该地区地面建筑的安全。溶洞的空间赋存状态一般是不规则的三维地质体,它的发育与地下水系及该地区的地质构造有紧密联系,造成溶洞的洞室可能含有高阻或低阻填充物,导致溶洞与围岩之间存在物性差异。高密度电阻率法正是利用物...  相似文献